A watercolor painting titled The Lonely Bike by Marco Boer, a member of Watercolor Addicts, one of the Facebook Watercolor Groups where artists can share ideas, watercolor tips, techniques, and celebrate their addiction. Image: Artist and Facebook
This post contains affiliate links and advertisements. Read our full disclosure statement.
BY KAZAD
Any artist who has used watercolor for painting will tell you it is a challenging medium to manipulate. Unlike other media used by painters, watercolor also has so many techniques relevant to the creative process. There is the wet-on-wet, wet-on-dry, scratching, glazing, and many others. Due to the challenges posed by the medium, watercolorists are constantly looking for places to learn and develop their skills. Many are turning to Facebook watercolor groups to get a better understanding of the medium and learn new techniques. While some of these groups are Public Groups, others are Closed Groups or members only. For members-only watercolor groups, applicants have to gain the approval of the admin to join. Approval does not take long.
Watercolor has a long history and its usage transcends many cultures and artistic traditions. From the Renaissance to the Baroque, impressionists and others, watercolor was a medium of choice for illustrators, painters, printmakers, and artists. The word watercolor refers not just to the medium, but also to the artwork.
In Europe, Asia, China, Korea, Japan, India, Ethiopia, and many others, watercolor medium has been interregnal in one way or another to the creative process for decades. For instance, in East Asia, watercolor painting with inks is referred to as brush painting or scroll painting.
In the early 19th Watercolor, American artists began to show interest in watercolor but not as a full medium like oil colors. For them, watercolor was just necessary for sketching. In that way, the medium was relegated to the background for many years. However, as time went on, several artists began to see the importance of the watercolor medium beyond sketching. In a recent show at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, there was a particular focus on how American artists came to embrace the medium.
Titled American Watercolor in the Age of Homer and Sargent, the works on display highlight the progression of how a rejected medium moved from the periphery to the center. The show included works by Winslow Homer, John Singer Sargent, John La Farge, Thomas Moran, and William Trost Richards. Others are Thomas Eakins, George Inness, Maxfield Parrish, Jessie Willcox Smith, Louis C. Tiffany, Childe Hassam, Maurice Prendergast, Charles Demuth, and Edward Hopper.
By the 20th and 21st centuries, the use of watercolor as an important medium for artistic expression had grown among artists. Artists like Wassily Kandinsky, Emil Nolde, Paul Klee, Egon Schiele, Raoul Dufy, Charles Burchfield, Edward Hopper, Georgia O’Keeffe, Charles Demuth, and John Marin produced seminal works using the watercolor medium.
Many contemporary artists continue to use watercolor because of its translucent and luminous qualities. The common support for watercolor painting is paper, which artists often refer to as watercolor paper. In addition to watercolor paper, other materials include papyrus, bark papers, plastic, vellum, leather, fabric, wood, and canvas. Of all the materials, watercolor paper is the preferred material for contemporary artists. Made entirely or partially with cotton, watercolor papers have good texture and the ability to minimize distortion when wet.
Many Facebook watercolor groups provide watercolor tutorials and techniques in an effort to help watercolorists sharpen their skills. They serve as platforms for amateurs, professionals, and watercolor enthusiasts to share their work and learn how to use watercolor from their peers. Beyond watercolor techniques, there are also discussions about watercolor materials, including watercolor papers, brushes, and other materials that can help with creating exceptional watercolor paintings.
Members of many of the Facebook watercolor groups come from across the globe. Members present works from landscape to portraiture and still life. Some of the Facebook watercolor groups are very specific in their expectation of members. One of the groups mentioned in this list is just for portrait and figure painters. Anyone not interested in these areas of painting cannot join the group.
Other Facebook watercolor groups mentioned in this article are sales groups. It simply means members can sell their works. It is not surprising that many of the works on sale in these groups are of high stands. Furthermore, some groups serve as bulletin boards, focusing on letting members post information about events related to watercolor painting. Events include seminars, workshops, and exhibitions of works by watercolor artists. Even then, members still find time to present their works before their peers. If you love watercolor contests, there are Facebook watercolor groups for that purpose.
Many Facebook watercolor groups provide watercolor tutorials and techniques in the effort to help watercolorists sharpen their skills.
Watercolor and Watercolour are used interchangeably in this article. In naming their groups, some of the Facebook watercolor groups used the British spelling of the word ‘colour.’ Therefore, in order to stay true to their ideas, we have used the names as expressed on the groups’ pages. Overall, however, we have used the American spelling of the word ‘color” throughout the article.
There is no doubt that this is a long selection of Facebook watercolor groups. However, the selection does not even scratch the surface. There are so many Facebook watercolor groups that they cannot even fit this post. What we have done is to feature the best of the best that we could find. It took a lot of effort, research, and debate to arrive at this list. Clearly, this is not an exhaustive collection, but it is our hope that readers will find the compilation useful. If you do not see a group that should be on this list, let us know about it by leaving a comment.
If you have a passion for watercolor, this is the Facebook watercolor group to join. Although all artists get an invitation to show their work, members can only post watercolor paintings. This Facebook watercolor group provides watercolor tips and opportunities for members to share knowledge about the different ways to use watercolor and techniques. It has members from across the globe. Already at 31, 855 members, this Facebook watercolor group continues to grow.
The popularity of the group among watercolorists across the globe is not surprising. There are some amazing watercolorists in this group. They include Sritam Sona Banerjee, Kendi Kendinin Koçu, Sumio Wada, TC Berrin Duma, Ahmet T Kürüm, and many others.
This is not a group for any other genre of art: you can only post watercolor paintings. If members post anything other than watercolor, group admin removes them. According to the admin, violators will have to go to another group.
It is okay to be a Watercolor Addict. That is the affirmation of members of the Watercolor Addicts. Therefore, if you are a watercolor addict, this is the group to join. As the group notes, the group is “For those who want to indulge their addiction and have accepted the reality that there probably is no cure”.
Watercolor Addicts is one of the Facebook watercolor groups open to the public. The group attracts members from around the world, and it is 109, 749 strong. The group is not just for professional watercolorists, it is also where aspiring watercolor painters can learn and grow.
Watercolor Addicts cherishes the participation of every member. Consequently, Members have the opportunity to teach and learn from each other. As a way of focusing on individual works, members can only post one work per day. This provides the opportunity for other members to adequately comment and give feedback on works posted.
Admin and moderators of the Watercolor Addict include Ron Morrison, Matt Moberly, Lori Underwood, Marva Wickre, Phil Hocking, Kimbo Jackson, and Cindy Dore. Some of the top contributors include Arūnas Vilkevičius, Daniel Pito Campos, Les Ducak, Barbara Litwiniec, and several others.
Watercolor Addicts is not a group for anyone interested in self-promotion. Any member who does not follow the rules will be expelled.
Watercolor Addicts cherishes the participation of every member. Consequently, Members have the opportunity to teach and learn from each other.
Watercolor is a mysterious medium. Any artist who has tried unraveling the intrigues of this subtle yet complicated medium will tell you so. It is in the effort of unraveling the mystery of the watercolor medium that this group was formed.
The Mystery of Watercolor is a platform for professionals and amateurs to share, learn, educate, and encourage each other. This is not a group where members can be satisfied with their achievements. Therefore, members have the chance to push the boundaries of the medium by confronting its endless possibilities. The Mystery of Watercolor is a space where members can get watercolor ideas and experience new ways to improve their watercolor techniques.
Members of this group are located across the world, making it a fertile ground for creativity. Even at 109, 493, the group continues to grow in leaps and bounds. Some of the popular topics in the group include portrait, landscape, still life, floral, and abstract. No matter your topic, the most important thing is to do it in watercolor.
Members and emerging watercolorists get to learn from the masters who are members of this group. Participation is integral to this group. Therefore, the group coordinators encourage every member to analyze, comment, and provide feedback for artworks posted on the group’s page. In analyzing any work on the group’s page, members must be civil and respectful.
To allow for a better understanding of works posted, members posting works have to discuss their techniques and the materials used in creating the work. Although members can only post their works, they can, however, post works by other artists that have relevance or can benefit the group. Whenever this happens, the member posting the works has to mention the name of the artist and other details about who is posting. In order to make the group a civil environment, members have to be on the lookout for and report those violating the group’s rules.
To allow for a better understanding of works posted, members posting works have to discuss their techniques and the materials used in creating the work.
Watercolor Enthusiasts is one of the Facebook watercolor groups open to all those who are interested in learning and sharing their skills with others. “Our aim is to share knowledge and experience in a friendly environment where no one fears to post their work”. The group also tries “to answer any watercolor related question that is asked so that we can learn from each other and grow together,” notes the admin of the group.
This is a closed group and coordinators have to approve all those who want to join. Admin encourages members to ask and answer questions so that everyone can grow in the use of the medium. Watercolor Enthusiast is a platform where no one should be afraid to show their works for the fear of being castigated. As clearly stated by the admin, the objective of the group is not to be critical but to encourage each other to grow.
Members can only post three works a day. This allows members to focus on individual works and make thoughtful comments. It is against group roles to post links. However, members can post links to tutorials, watercolor videos, and educational material relating to watercolor that will benefit members. Members can only post their own work, and if that work was created with photography as reference, the owner of the photograph must be credited. There is no room for self-promotion in this group.
Watercolor Enthusiast is a platform where no one should be afraid to show their works for the fear of being castigated.
The World Watercolor Group was founded in 2016 after the first annual World Watercolor Month. This is a 31-day challenge to produce watercolor paintings. The watercolor in 31 days was founded by Charlie O’ Shields. It is hosted by doodlewash.com. Unlike many other Facebook watercolor groups that are strict on what members can post on this group’s page, World Watercolor Group allows members to post works including watercolor, gouache, and any re-wettable media.
Since it was formed in 2016, the group has grown to be one of the biggest Facebook watercolor groups. It has more than 69,785. This open group allows artists of all skill levels to join. An interactive and supportive group, members can have discussions about watercolor paintings, techniques, and ways that can lead to improved skills.
Members are advised to learn from the masters, and there are many in this group. Because of the large membership, members cannot post more than three works per day. In addition, artists can only post their own work. Although this is an open group, members have to follow the rules. Additionally, they cannot post announcements or advertisements on the group’s page. It is important for members to participate in conversations, and above all, must keep trying to sharpen their skills.
The Facebook Watercolor Painters is a public group for artists interested in sharing their work, learning, and guiding others. The group attracts members from across the globe. Members can only post watercolor works and nothing else. According to the group’s admin, works from other media will be deleted. Members can only post their own work and must be direct to the group’s page. External links are not allowed.
Posting marketing materials and advertising is against the group’s rules. According to admin, “Any member posting irrelevant posts, like someone else’s work, marketing, and promotional posts, any commercial posts, their own page links will be removed directly and permanently banned without any warning.”
The International Watercolor Group is open to watercolorists of different skill levels to share their works and learn from each other. If you like watercolor art, this is a group for you. Unlike other Facebook watercolor groups, however, the International Watercolor Group allows members to share information about exhibitions, workshops, and other events relating to the watercolor medium. Nevertheless, members cannot post inappropriate topics. According to the admin, any extraneous topics will be removed.
Members of this public group come from across the world. Some of the works on the group’s page include portraits, still life, landscapes, seascapes, wildlife, and flowers. Anton Batov, Pocholo Issa Eztremoz, Steve Everest, Pavel Podder, Zan Barrage, and many other talented artists are members of the group.
As the name implies, International Water Color Artists is open to watercolorists from across the globe. Members have the opportunity to post their works and participate in discussions. While some artists post finished works, others post pages from their sketchbooks as a way of showing their process.
There are portraits, still life, landscapes, and seascapes paintings on the group’s page. Like some of the other Facebook watercolor groups, International Watercolor Artists has works by emerging and professional watercolorists on its page. Members include Dobril Yankov, Karen Paul, Leo Kahl, Simon Jones, and many amazing painters.
For those who may not know it, watercolor is a difficult medium to use. For those who have been having challenges, and want to learn some new techniques, the group to join is the Watercolor Tribe. The main objective of the Facebook group is “to encourage and give advice to anyone who is interested in the art of Watercolor!” To encourage its members to do amazing work, the group runs monthly challenges on Facebook and on Instagram.
Although members can promote their Instagram pages, promoting other Facebook groups, Etsy Shops, and others are not allowed. The group has strict rules against profanity, rude language, or comments. Additionally, nude or partially nude paintings have no place on this group’s page. Breaking the rules set by the Facebook group can result in expulsion. Therefore, read the rules before joining. Megan Jones is one of the administrators of the group.
Realistic Watercolors is not a group for all watercolorists. This is one of the very few Facebook watercolor groups with a focus on realism. Therefore, if you are not interested in realistic watercolor painting, this group is not for you. If you are interested in abstraction, anime, or surrealism, you have to look for other groups to join.
Although the focus is not on photorealism, artworks by members must indicate the effort to capture the subject accurately. A key objective for this group is to encourage members to confront the challenges posed by using watercolor to paint realism. “The medium is very unforgiving, and a mistake can mean a disaster which cannot be recovered,” notes the group’s admin. From landscape to flowers, and portraits, members must focus on realism. For those who are able to surpass the challenge posed by this medium, the group notes, “earns the respect of artists in all other genres.”
Although the focus is not on photorealism, artworks by members must indicate the effort to capture the subject accurately.
As the name suggests, Watercolour Techniques and Tips is a group where everyone can learn, share, and have meaningful discussions about techniques for painting with watercolor. Members can only post once a day. In addition to posting, members also have to discuss and share details of their techniques as well give watercolor tips on how others can get better. All members must comply with group rules, respect copyright, and be courteous to others. Marietta Coney, Keith Lillie, Pete Batho, Charles R. Cherry, Jodi Sones, and Julie Horner are administrators of the group.
Watercolour Confluence is a group for watercolor artists spread around the globe. For this reason, members have to use the word “watercolor” in their language of origin or “other relevant word in your own languages with the similar meaning such as “aquarela”, “aquarel”, “aquarelle”, “水彩”, “suluboya” etc”. This is the only way members can post to the group’s board. If you do not include the word ‘watercolor’ when you post to the group’s page, your post will be rejected by the group’s admin.
Since this is a watercolor sharing group, that is the only medium allowed. Members can only post original works. Additionally, they have to include size name & year of the work, and artist’s nationality. Like many of the other Facebook watercolor groups, Watercolour Confluence does not allow nudity, advertisement, and vulgar language. It is not a group where you can put things up for sale. If you break the rules, you will be expelled from the group.
The Watercolor group is a closed group for watercolor artists from around the world. The main objective is to provide a platform for watercolorists to share, discuss, and exchange experiences about their works. Members can only post finished watercolor works. Works in other media will be removed. Admin and moderators include Manu Pilutu, Dottie Wright Gillespie, Minh Dam, and Hamid Motalbee. Read the rules before joining the group.
The main objective is to provide a platform for watercolorists to share, discuss, and exchange experience about their works.
This is a watercolor group for artists who want to sell their works. Membership is open to watercolor artists from across the group. A major rule is that you can only post watercolor paintings for sale. They can be landscapes, portraits, or still life. The moderators and admin will remove works in other media. André Farnier, Masao Hatada, Danuta Jaskólska and Sunil Linus De
Watercolour Sketchers is for anyone interested in sharing their watercolor art adventures. This is a closed group and membership has to be approved by the admin and moderator made up of Aeron Elizabeth (Admin) and Kate Powell (Moderator). All artworks members post on the group’s page must be watercolor and original. Unlike other Facebook watercolor groups, pen and ink are allowed in this group. One of the main objectives of the group is to provide support and encouragement for all artists no matter their skill levels.
Members are encouraged to give feedback to those who specifically ask for them. Another area Watercolour Sketchers is different from all other Facebook watercolor groups is that members can offer their works for sale. However, in spite of the flexible nature of the group, there are rules that all members must follow. Group admin will dismiss members who break group rules.
The first thing you must do before joining this group is to read the rules. This group is not like other Facebook watercolor groups. Watercolor Workshops and Master-classes is a bulletin board where members from across the globe can post only exhibitions and workshops announcements. Members can also post video demos of watercolor.
The objective of the posting on the group’s page is to ensure that members are aware and able to locate programs that will benefit them. Konstantin Sterkhov, the Admin of the group, is very clear about expectations for this group. “This group is NOT for sharing your personal artistic achievements, no matter how skillful you are,” the admin notes.
For watercolor beginners and those who love watercolor, Watercolor Beginners & Enthusiasts is the group to join. The group provides the opportunity for members to discuss watercolor techniques and generally learn about the medium. As admin notes, ‘This is a place for beginners to share their work, learn techniques & materials and inspire each other!’ Like many of the other Facebook watercolor groups, this group has rules chiefly of which is that members must respect copyright rules. Additionally, members cannot post nudity or use profanity. Above all else, the important thing about the group, admin of the group notes, is for ‘everyone to have fun no matter the level of their skills.’
Watercolor can be magical if you have mastered the medium. The Art and Magic of Watercolor is one of the Facebook watercolor groups that truly present you with the magic of watercolor. Members include retirees, busy professionals, parents, youth, art teachers, and watercolor artists. Everyone has to follow the rules no matter their ability at creating magic with the medium.
While members can post as many paintings as they want in a day, they all have to be in watercolor. Members can also post videos, articles about watercolor, and update about development in watercolor. It is against group policy to post things for sale, share nudity or use the group for self-promotion. Admin and moderators include Hermie Sigua, Fraze Sigant, Ricardo Sigua, Willy Sigua, and Viven Balsomo.
Club Watercolor is one of the Facebook watercolor groups where watercolorists from around the world hang out with their peers. Started in May of 2014, the group attracts members from everywhere around the globe. Some of the members like Günter Stadler, Radhika Prabul, John Bayalis, and many others have great skills that show their mastery of the watercolor medium.
A major rule in this group is that members can only share their original works. While they can post up to three images per day, they cannot contain pornography or inappropriate images. Group admin will remove political, racist, and religious images. Júlio M. Jorge and Adnan Kandemir, an amazing watercolorist, are moderators of the group.
For those who want to learn about watercolor painting, the watercolor Masters’ Course is the group to join. Although the name suggests that this is a master course, the group is for both amateurs and professionals. Members come from across the globe to be part of the group.
The fact that members have different skill levels makes it an important place to learn and teach. From landscape to still life, and portrait paintings, members have the opportunity to learn about styles and watercolor techniques. Moderators for the group include Haruo Endo, Sumio Wada, and Masao Hatada. The group has specific rules that members have to follow. Members can comment, discuss, and ask questions about artworks on the group’s page.
The fact that members have different skill levels make it an important place to learn and teach. From landscape to still life, and portrait paintings, members have the opportunity to learn about styles and watercolor techniques.
When you visit the Watercolor Painting Facebook page, you are welcome in a fun way. “Let’s have fun and share great ideas, topics, news, methods, etc. on watercolor painting.” This statement spells out the idea behind this Facebook watercolor group. It is where people can freely share their works without fear of castigations. Not surprisingly, the group includes amateurs, professionals, and watercolor enthusiasts.
Members of the Watercolor Painting group come together to show their works and learn from each other. Artworks on the group’s page include landscapes, still lifes, and portraits. As with many other Facebook watercolor groups, there is so much to enjoy in this group.
In addition to watercolor paintings, members can also post drawings because as the admin of the group notes, drawing is the foundation for any watercolor painting. This is a fun group to join for all those who love watercolor painting. However, the group has strict rules that members must follow. It is important for new members to read the rules and follow them if they want to remain members of the group.
As the name suggests, Watercolor Lovers is for those who love the watercolor medium. Therefore, the group has strict rules about posting anything other than watercolor painting. The group was formed in February of 2017 as a group where watercolorists can study and learn from one another. It has membership from around the world. The admin and moderators of the group include Pedro Fragoso, Lorenza Pasquali, and Steve Abramson. Members can only post one image per day. Read the entire rule before joining the group.
The Watercolour Community welcomes participation from watercolorists from across the globe. Although it has members with different skill levels, many of the works on the group’s page are of a high standard. Some of the members include Yark Norn, Ashu Kambli, MV Renju, and Linda Dessaint among many others. Admin includes Dumitru Barliga, Dan Nonoy de Asis, David Gaessler Cavatorta, Abdul Salim Kochi, Ljubica Zuccon, Şenol Demirtepe, and Masao Hatada. Everyone has to follow the rules of the group because violators will be advised to go to other groups.
Watercolor Cafe provides a conducive atmosphere where watercolorists can share their ideas and techniques about using the watercolor medium. Members are very generous about sharing their knowledge. The group provides opportunities for members to learn how to paint from pictures and other techniques. To show how a painting emanates from a photograph, members often post completed works side-by-side with the photographs used for reference. Some even discourse the process. Admin of the study group includes Ekol Sanat, Chesada Merntookk, Than Win Maymyo, Pamela Jones, and Bekir Çeşmecioğlu among several others.
Portraits & Figures (People) in Watercolour is one of the few Facebook watercolor groups that are very specific about what members can post on the group’s page. This is a group for only portraits and figures watercolor painters. If you love landscape or still life painting, this is not the group for you.
There are some amazing figure paintings on this group page. A major rule for the group is that members can only post their own artworks. Peter Ward who also serves as Admin for the group founded Portraits & Figures (People) in Watercolour on July 2, 2012. The objective was to create a space where watercolor artists interested in portraits and figure paintings can present their works to a larger audience. Since its inception, the group has grown and continues to grow. Members include Judy-Joy Bell, Alfi Ardyanto, MV Renju among many others.
Anyone who uses watercolor as a medium for painting knows that there are many secrets to using the medium. From wet-on-wet to wet-on-dry, and many others, there are many techniques to learn. That is why the Beginners Watercolour Secrets was created. The objective of the group is to help people of all artistic levels learn the art of watercolor as well as encourage each other to get better at using the medium. David Jennings is the Administrator of this group.
The Bright, Beautiful Watercolors & Watercolorists is a marketplace where watercolorists from across the globe can sell their works. There are paintings of animals, flowers, and landscapes for sale on the group’s page. Although it is a marketplace, members also get the opportunity to comment on each other’s works.
Many of the comments on the group’s page are cordial and respectful. Perhaps this is because there are strict rules about courtesy when commenting on works in the group. Additionally, there are rules about how many images members can post each day. Anyone who posts more than three watercolor paintings per day may be dismissed. Sandy Askey-Adams, Sandy Askey-Adams, Sandra Nunes, and Sandra Nunes are admin and moderators for the group.
Many of the comments on the group’s page are cordial and respectful. Perhaps this is because there are strict rules about courtesy when commenting on works in the group.
As the name suggests, the Watercolor Critique is where watercolorists from across the globe post their works so that their peers can critique them. This is how this group is different from other Facebook watercolor groups. “This group Watercolor Critique is for artists looking for serious feedback and discussion about their work,” notes the admin of the group.
This is not a group for impostors. If you are not an artist, please do not apply. An important membership requirement for this group is that applicants must provide evidence that they are artists. One way of doing this is for applicants to visibly display their works on their Facebook page. Another is for them to have their art as their profile picture.
In addition, is important for applicants to be members of other art groups. The requirement for proof, the group notes, is “to try to limit our membership to artists and not to non-artists looking to troll our group.” The group has very strict rules. One is that all posts have to go through the admin. Members must also submit questions that they want to be answered along with their works.
This is not a group for impostors. If you are not an artist, please do not apply.
The International Watercolor Society Art Contest is for those interested in participating in the watercolor painting contest organized by IWS country leaders. The winning works for 2019 will be on display during the International Watercolor Festival in Peru. The main objective of the group is to bring attention to different styles of works during the exhibition of winners’ works. Furthermore, guest artists will display their works alongside winning works. To enter the competition, participants must be 18 years and above. There is also an entry fee. All the rules regarding the group’s competition are on the group’s Facebook page.
Over the years, the International Watercolor Society Art Contest has grown exponentially in terms of membership and recognition. In addition to providing members with the opportunity for members to share their works, the group also organizes watercolor painting workshops and seminars around the globe. For its programs, professional watercolor painters get to teach others about how to handle the medium. Today, the International Watercolor Society Art Contest is one of the most popular groups responsible for the propagation of the watercolor medium
Watercolour Grand View Garden is one of the many Facebook watercolor groups, which provides the opportunity for watercolor artists to post and share their works with a large community of artists. Members can post three works per day. They must all be in watercolor. Members cannot post group works. Each work must appear individually and stand on its own. As admin cautions, “do not put anything on/beside the work image”. Additionally, works must also be clear and well cropped.
As a way of helping other watercolorists, members have the chance to discuss their works, especially the materials, including types of paper used in the creation of the work. More importantly, they also have to discuss their techniques.
The main objective of the group is to enrich members’ knowledge and engender opportunities for mutual learning and growth. Consequently, members get the chance to participate in discussions about artworks on the group’s page by providing comments and feedback. In providing comments and feedback, members have to be respectful and courteous. Admin includes Shu Laang, Fine Moon, Yu Tian, and several others.